玉米基因型对小麦×玉米杂交单倍体胚得胚率的影响

Effect of maize genotypes on embryo rate of haploid embryos in wheat×maize hybridization

为筛选小麦单倍体胚得胚率高的玉米品种,用糯、甜糯、甜、超甜4种类型共8个玉米品种分别与6个小麦DH系杂交诱导产生小麦单倍体胚,研究不同玉米类型、不同玉米基因型对小麦单倍体胚得胚率的影响。结果表明,同一小麦材料用不同玉米品种授粉,其得胚率可相差1.48~3.10倍,得胚率变幅为15.43%~47.80%,筛选高得胚率玉米品种对提高小麦单倍体产生效率至关重要。4种玉米类型间平均单倍体胚得胚率以甜糯型最高(33.86%)、超甜型最低(29.59%),8个玉米品种以白甜糯的平均单倍体胚得胚率最高(38.17%),云超甜2号最低(28.63%),但相同玉米类型而基因型不同的玉米品种间单倍体胚得胚率差异大于玉米类型间单倍体胚得胚率的差异,因此筛选高得胚率玉米品种,关键是筛选玉米基因型而非玉米类型。小麦基因型与玉米基因型的互作对得胚率有极显著影响,对于小麦×玉米杂交的得胚率,玉米基因型与小麦基因型之间的组合存在“一般配合力”和“特殊配合力”的差异,因此可综合利用多个玉米品种来提高各种小麦材料的整体单倍体胚得胚率和单倍体生产效率。

To screen the maize varieties with high embryo rate of haploid embryos, eight maize cultivars belonging to four maize types (waxy, sweet waxy, sweet and super sweet) were crossed with six wheat DH lines, respectively. The effects of different maize types and genotypes on embryo rate of haploid embryos were studied. The results showed that the embryo rate of same wheat material pollinated with different maize cultivars differed between 1.48 to 3.10 times and ranged from 15.43% to 47.80%. Screening maize varieties with high embryo rate was essential to improve the efficiency of wheat haploid production. The average embryo rate of haploid embryos among the four maize types was highest in sweet waxy type (33.86%) and lowest in super sweet type (29.59%). Among the eight maize varieties, the white sweet waxy had the highest average embryo rate of haploid embryos (38.17%),while cloud super sweet 2nd cultivar had the lowest (28.63%). Differences in embryo rate of haploid embryo among maize varieties with same maize type and different genotypes were greater than those among maize varieties with different maize types. So, the key to screening maize varietics with high embryo rate of haploid embryos was to select maize genotypes rate for rather than maize types. The interaction between wheat genotype and maize genotype has a significant effect on the embryogenesis rate. Therefore, for the haploid embryo induction rate by hybridization between wheat and maize, there are differences of "general combining ability" and "special combining ability" between the combination of maize genotype and wheat genotype. In conclusion, multiple maize varieties can be comprehensively used to improve the overall haploid embryo rate and haploid plant production efficiency of various wheat materials.