基于生态服务价值的生态补偿——以长沙市为例

Study on ecological compensation based on ecological service value:a case study of Changsha City

耕地资源日益紧缺,人地矛盾突出,全面揭示耕地资源生态服务价值,开展耕地生态补偿量化,有利于正确认识耕地利用中造成的环境问题,协调各区县经济与生态发展。本研究以长沙市为例,采用瑞典碳税法、工业制氧成本法、替代成本法等方法,充分考虑耕地资源生态服务惠益价值和环境污染治理成本,构建耕地生态服务价值核算体系,并量化生态补偿额。结果表明,2011-2017年长沙市耕地资源提供的生态服务惠益价值由1.079 5×1010元增长到2017年的1.116 6×1010元,而环境污染治理成本由6.226×109元减少到5.881×109元,耕地资源的生态服务惠益价值远远大于其环境污染治理成本;2011-2017年长沙市耕地生态补偿额均值为4.396×109元。各区县的生态补偿额存在较大的差异,宁乡市、浏阳市及长沙县为整个长沙市提供了良好的生态服务,是生态补偿的核心。

Cultivated land resources are increasingly scarce in our country, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. Comprehensively revealing the ecological service value of cultivated land resources and carrying out the quantification of cultivated land ecological compensation will help to correctly understand the environmental problems in the use of cultivated land and coordinate the economic and ecological development of all districts and counties. Taking Changsha City as an example, Swedish carbon tax method, industrial oxygen cost method and substitute cost method were used to fully consider the value of ecological services benefit and the cost of environmental pollution control for cultivated land, construct an ecological value accounting system for the utilization of cultivated land resources, and quantify ecological compensation. The results showed that the value of ecological services provided by cultivated land resources in Changsha City increased from 1.079 5 ×10 10 yuan to 1.116 6 ×10 10 yuan in 2011-2017, while the cost of environmental pollution control was reduced from 6.226 ×10 9 yuan to 5.881 ×10 9 yuan. The benefit value of ecological services for cultivated land resources was greater than the cost of environmental pollution control. The average compensation for cultivated land in Changsha City in 2011-2017 was 4.396×10 9 yuan. There were great differences in the ecological compensation among districts and counties. Ningxiang City, Liuyang City and Changsha County provide good ecological services for Changsha City and are the core districts of ecological compensation.