中国海事诉讼时效制度的国际接轨与本土化的冲突及其解决

On the International Integration and Localization of the Limitation System of Maritime Legal Proceedings in China and the Solution to Their Conflicts

海事诉讼时效具有高度的国际统一性。我国海事诉讼时效制度借鉴了相应国际海事条约中的时效短暂、起算点客观、中止中断难等机制,放弃了国际海商法中的时效延长等机制,故与我国民事诉讼时效制度比较,海事诉讼时效具有期限偏短、起算点客观、中断事由严苛等不足。因海事诉讼时效制度尚无法自足,其须兼用相应民事诉讼时效规则,我国现行立法未为此提供清晰指引,导致许多不当并入。我国《民法总则》和《中华人民共和国海商法(修改征求意见稿)》对海事诉讼时效制度的本土化提出了过高要求。我国《海商法》修订应妥善处理民事诉讼与海事诉讼两大诉讼时效制度的关系,建立既充分反应国际统一性要求又符合中国国情的海事诉讼时效制度,理性回应相应的国际统一化与本土化诉求。

The limitation of maritime proceedings enjoys a high degree of international unification. The maritime proceedings limitation system of China absorbs some key mechanisms from the relevant international maritime treaties such as shorter period,objective starting point,difficulty in suspension and discontinuance and gives up such mechanisms as extension of limitation in international maritime law,so it has shortcomings such as shorter period,objective starting point and stricter causes for discontinuance compared to the civil proceedings limitation system of China. The maritime proceedings limitation system is not self-sufficient,so relevant rules on the limitation of civil proceedings must be resorted to,but the current laws of China do not provide clear guidance for this,resulting in a lot of wrongful application of such rules. The General Principles of Civil Law of China and the Maritime Law of PRC( Draft Amendment for Soliciting Comments) put forward way too high requirements for the localization of the maritime proceedings limitation system. Regarding the amendment to the Maritime Law of China,the legislature shall properly deal with the relationship between civil proceedings and maritime proceedings,establish a maritime proceedings limitation system which both fully reflects the requirement of international unification and conforms to the national situation of China,rationally responding to the corresponding pursuit of international unification and localization.