居家轻中度失能老年人自我效能与家庭照顾者抑郁情绪的相关性

The Correlation between Self-efficacy of the Elderly with Mild or Moderate Disability at Home and Depression of Family Caregivers

目的:探讨居家轻中度失能老年人自我效能与家庭照顾者抑郁情绪的相关性。方法:通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,对贵阳市234例居家老年人轻中度失能老人及其家庭照顾者采用基本情况问卷、日常生活功能(Katz)指数量表、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行问卷调查。结果:贵阳市居家轻中度失能老年人中96.15%处于中低自我效能感,单因素分析结果显示,汉族、无配偶、初中文化程度、月收入>3000元、与配偶同住以及家庭照顾者为轻度抑郁的轻中度失能老年人低自我效能程度者所占比例较高;汉族、有配偶、小学文化程度、月收入>3000元、与子女同住以及家庭照顾者为轻度抑郁的轻中度失能老年人中等自我效能程度者所占比例较高;汉族、有配偶、文盲、月收入<1000元和>3000元、与子女同住以及家庭照顾者为轻度抑郁的轻中度失能老年人高自我效能程度者所占比例较高;有序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,初中文化程度(OR=0.247,95%CI:-2.634^-0.165)、2001元~3000元的月收入(OR=0.210,95%CI:-2.537^-0.583)、家庭照顾者抑郁程度(无抑郁OR=0.117,95%CI:-3.366^-0.930;轻度抑郁OR=0.096,95%CI:-3.501^-1.189)是影响居家轻中度失能老年人自我效能程度的主要因素。结论:居家轻中度失能老年人自我效能程度受多种因素影响,应对高危人群给予足够重视,及时采取个性化措施加以干预。

Objective: To explore the correlation between self-efficacy of the elderly with mild or moderate disability living at home and depression of family caregivers. Methods: According to the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 234 elderly patients with mild to moderate disability and their family caregivers in Guiyang were investigated with basic situation questionnaire, katz index scale, general self-efficacy scale (GSES), self-rating depression scale (SDS). Results: Out of 225 aged people living at home with mild or moderate disability there were 96.15% cases with mild or moderate self-efficacy. The univariate analysis showed that the cases of Han nationality, with junior schooling and monthly income of more than 3000 yuan, without spouses, looked after by family members with mild depression, accounted for a higher proportion of mild to moderate disabi- lity , while the cases of Han nationality, living with spouses, with primary schooling and monthly income of more than 3 000 yuan, looked after by family with mild depression accounted for a higher proportion of moderate self-efficacy;and the cases of Han nationality, illiterate, living with spouses and with monthly income less than 1 000 yuan or more than 3 000 yuan, living with children and other family with mild depression accounted for the proportion of high self-efficacy. The analysis of ordinal multinomial logistic regression shows that the main factors to influence the degree of self-efficacy of the elderly at home with mild or moderate disability included the degree of junior schooling (OR=0.247, 95%CI:-2.634^-0.165), monthly income of 2 001 yuan^3 000 yuan (OR=0.210, 95%CI:-2.537^-0.583), and the degree of depression of family caregivers (no depression OR=0.117, 95%CI:-3.366^-0.930;mild depression OR=0.096, 95%CI:-3.501^-1.189). Conclusion: The self-efficacy of the elderly at home with mild or moderate disability is affected by many factors. Much attention should be paid to the high-risk people and individual intervene must be taken to them in time.