新中国70年农村养老保险制度改革历程与基本经验

The Course and Basic Experience of the Reform of Rural Pension Insurance System in PRC form 1949 to 2019

新中国成立70年来,农村养老保险制度从无到有,大致经历了萌芽、初步形成、试点改革、全面深化改革等阶段。农村养老保险制度的改革历程,是政府责任不断完善的过程。政府在制度设计、财政支持、监督管理等方面的努力,使农村养老保障从最低限度的生存满足向高阶发展权的保障转变,并逐渐形成从一元主导到多元并用的保障模式。新时代全面深化农村养老保险制度改革,面临着城乡差异较大、养老金替代率不足、法制化程度低、区域差异性大等难题。在实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,农村社会养老保险制度需面向城乡一体化和法制化建设,进一步明确政府责任,因应区域差异进行有效的制度设计。

Since the establishment of the PRC, the rural pension insurance system has grown from nonexistence to existence, and it has roughly undergone the following stages: embryonic period, formation period, experimental stage and comprehensive deepening reform stage. The reform course of rural pension insurance system is the process of the continuous improvement of government responsibility. With the efforts of the government in system design, financial support, supervision and management, the rural old-age security mode has changed from the satisfaction of minimum survival to the guarantee of advanced development right, and it gradually formed a security model from“the dominance of government” to “the coexistence of multiple modes”. In the new era, comprehensively deepening the reform of rural pension insurance system is facing many problems, such as the obvious differences between urban and rural areas, the insufficient pension substitution rate, the low level of legalization and the huge regional differences. Under the background of rural vitalization strategy, the rural pension insurance system needs to face the construction of the urban-rural integration and legalization, which further clarifies of the responsibilities of the government. Moreover, effective system design corresponding to regional differences should also be carried out.