私家园林中书斋的变迁

Research on the Evolution of Shu-zhai in Private Gardens

书斋是传统私家园林中书房、山斋的统称,而其功能又不止于文艺活动。书斋随着中国古代士大夫文人的人格和艺术体系的发展和完善而变迁,经历了汉魏六朝在私家园林中无特定选址、唐宋作为宅园的中心,以及明清蜷于园内一隅这3个主要演变阶段。至明清,书斋往往自成一处独立的小院,除了书房的基本功能以外,还可以独立承载园主人的日常起居、爱好雅嗜等,是明清文人宇宙观日益狭小的真实写照。

Shu-zhai is the collectively called term of study and shan-zhai in traditional private garden,and its function is more than poetry and painting.With the improvement of the Chinese scholar's personality and art system,shu-zhai has changed and then experienced three phases,which were the Han and Wei and Jin period,when it was integrated into the courtyard;the Tang and Song period,when it was the center of the courtyard,and the Ming and Qing period,when it was on the corner of courtyard.Shu-zhai of Ming and Qing period was one independent tiny yard and its functions include offering the daily life and hobby of the owner,which is the re flection of the gradually small world view of Ming and Qing literati.