农村集体资金分配中的性别不平等及其对策

Gender Inequality in the Allocation of Rural Collective Funds and Its Countermeasures

当代农村集体资金主要有三种分配方式:第一种是分配征地补偿款,以人人共享与平均分配为主旨;第二种是集体经济的股份配置,兼顾贡献大小与人口均分;第三种是社会保障与村庄的福利分配,侧重向老人、儿童倾斜。值得关注的是,无论哪种分配方式都会遭遇性别分配不公,男娶女嫁的单一婚居模式,已经成为影响农村集体经济公平分配的深层原因。要根治性别分配不公问题,需要双轮驱动:婚居模式的变革以及村级分配制度的创新。

There are three main ways to allocate collective funds in contemporary rural areas: one is to allocate land expropriation compensation, an other is to allocate shares of collective economy, giving consideration to the size of contribution and the equal distribution of people, and the other is to allocate social security and welfare in villages, focusing on the elderly and children. It should be noticed that no matter what kind of distribution mode will encounter unfair gender distribution. The single marriage and residence mode of men marrying women has become the deep reason of affecting the fair distribution of rural collective economy. To eradicate the inequity of gender distribution, two-wheel drive is needed: the change of marriage and residence mode and the innovation of village distribution system.