旧俗、革命与感情——20世纪50年代中国婚姻纠纷解决的话语实践

Old Customs,Revolution and Affection——The Discourse Practice of Resolving Marital Disputes in 1950s

纵观20世纪50年代婚姻纠纷解决实践,主要涉及三种话语体系:一为关于旧婚姻制度的话语体系,二为“废除封建婚姻制度,建立新民主主义婚姻制度”的革命话语体系,三为在婚姻纠纷中导入的以夫妻感情作为衡量婚姻关系好坏乃至离婚标准的道德话语体系。其中,革命话语体系是占主导地位的话语体系,其在解决婚姻纠纷中主要在两个方面发挥作用:一为对于当时迅速兴起的离婚热、婚姻纠纷以及相关案件的表达与解释,二为解决婚姻纠纷中的话语使用方法与策略。尽管从今天的眼光看来,其中有着与现实状况脱离的认识和表达,却仍不失为一套相对自洽的系统,以其独特的话语逻辑和强大的解释能力渡过了激烈革命所带来的诸多动荡与难题。

Taking a wike view of the practice of resolving marital disputes in 1950s, there are three kinds of discourse systems involved. One discourse system is to provide an interpretation of the feudal marriage system. Another one is a revolutionary discourse system of “abolishing the feudal marriage system and setting up a new democratic marriage system”. The third one is a moral discourse system introducing the mutual affection between couples as the measure of how is the marriage relationship or even divorce when resolving marital disputes. The revolutionary discourse system is the dominant one which plays its role in resolving marital disputes from two aspects: the expression and explanation of the divorce explosion, marital disputes and relevant vicious crimes which were growing rapidly at that time;the strategies and methods of applying discourse system to resolve marital disputes. From the point of view of today, although the revolutionary discourse system involves some expressions and cognition that are disconnected from the reality, it is still a relatively self-consistent system which has gone through the turbulence and problems brought by the revolution by its own unique logic and powerful interpretation capacity.