民族地区70年扶贫政策回顾与展望

70 Years of Poverty Alleviation Policy in Ethnic Minority Areas: Retrospect and Prospect

民族地区扶贫关系到2020年全面实现小康的战略目标能否如期实现。中华人民共和国成立以来民族地区扶贫事业成效显著,扶贫政策演进经历了从救济式扶贫、体制改革式扶贫、开发式扶贫、综合性扶贫和精准扶贫五个阶段。其实践经验为始终坚持物质扶贫和精神扶贫两手抓的策略,坚持扶贫政策差异化和发展能力自强并重,坚持扶贫工作方法科学化和扶贫对象精准化,坚持东西部扶贫协作。“后贫困时代”民族地区扶贫应重点关注“精神贫困”问题、应对“扶贫力量撤出”问题、破解“文化贫困”问题和处理“民族地区扶贫与乡村振兴”问题。

Poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas concerns the timely realization of the strategic aim of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society by 2020.Since the founding of the People′s Republic of China , poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas has achieved remarkable results. The evolution of poverty alleviation policies has gone through five stages: relief-based poverty alleviation, institutional reform-based poverty alleviation , development-based poverty alleviation , comprehensive poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation . The practical experience of poverty alleviation is: adhering to the strategy of attaching equal importance to both material and spiritual poverty alleviation, laying equal stress on both the differentiation of poverty alleviation policies and the development of self-improvement ability, pursuing scientific methods, the precision of people living below the poverty line, and the coordination of eastern and western regions in poverty alleviation . In the “ post-poverty era”, poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas should focus on the issue brought by “spiritual poverty ”, coping with the issue caused by the “withdrawal of poverty alleviation forces”, solving the issue resulted from “cultural poverty ” and dealing with the issue brought by “poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas and rural revitalization”.