社区共融:城市少数民族流动人口服务管理的社工介入——基于上海P区的实践

Community Integration: Intervention of Social Work in the Service and Management of Floating Population from Ethnic Minorities in Urban Areas——Based on the Practice of P District in Shanghai

社会工作介入是城市少数民族流动人口服务管理社会化的重要实践形式。上海P区实践是全国先行试点,这一实践在城市少数民族流动人口服务管理领域开创了政府购买社会工作服务机制,形塑了“社会工作+”模式,科学提供了社会服务,有效营造了“民族共融”社区环境。同时囿于多种因素,在实践中也存在着项目资金来源碎片化、实施缺乏延续性、少数民族社会工作者专业性与自主性弱化、具有少数民族身份的社会工作者匮乏、社会工作者政策咨询与倡导功能缺位等困境。针对以上问题,统战、民宗部门需从行政驱动转向依法治理,建立健全城市民族工作领域政府购买公共服务长效机制;多方联动,建立少数民族社会工作人才培养与聘任制度;转变“大政府”观念,促使购买模式由岗位制向项目制转变;厚植“治理”理念,健全社会工作者参与政策倡导与决策的工作机制。

The intervention of social work is an important practical form of the socialization of service and management of floating population from ethnic minorities in urban areas. The practice of P district in Shanghai is the first pilot in the whole country. Through the field survey of the practice of P district, it is found that the practice has initiated the mechanism of government purchasing social work services in the field of service and management of floating population from ethnic minorities in urban areas, shaped the model of “social work+”, scientifically provided social services, and effectively created the community environment of “ethnic integration”. At the same time, due to a variety of factors, there are also dilemmas in practice, such as: fragmentation of funding sources, lack of continuity in implementation, weakening of professionalism and autonomy of social workers from ethnic minorities , shortage of social workers with minority identity, and omission of functions of social workers′ policy counseling and advocacy. To solve the dilemmas mentioned above, the united front departments and the departments of ethnic and religious affairs should change from administrative drive to governing according to law, establish and perfect a long-term mechanism of government purchasing public services in the field of urban ethnic work, set up a training and appointment system for social workers from ethnic minorities with multilateral cooperation, promote the change of purchasing patterns from “post system” to “project system” with the transformation of the “big government ” concept, and improve the working mechanism of social workers′ participating in policy advocacy and decision-making with the building of the “governance” idea.