语素义项频率及构词力对复合词词义猜测的影响

The Effect of Morpheme Meaning Frequency and Word-Forming Ability on the Conjecture of Compound Word Meaning

本文以形容词性多义语素为例,着眼于多义语素的义项频率和构词力,探讨频率效应对学习者猜测含多义语素复合词词义的影响。实验以中级汉语水平的留学生为被试,考察其对36个含有多义语素的复合词词义的猜测情况。结果显示:1.多义语素的义项频率影响复合词的词义猜测效果,语素在高频义项上构成的复合词明显比在低频义项上构成的复合词词义猜测的效果好。2.多义语素的构词力影响复合词的词义猜测效果,强构词力语素构成的复合词比弱构词力语素构成的复合词词义猜测的效果好。但这种影响只体现在多义语素的低义项频率水平上。3.来自义项频率和构词力的两种频率在词义猜测中存在叠加效应,主要体现在高频叠加时词义猜测效果最好,低频叠加则反之。实验结果还显示:被试在词义猜测过程中还受到汉字字形和语素义误推的影响,其中多义语素的义位误推是最主要影响因素,主要表现为将与常用义语义联系紧密的非常用义误推为常用义。

In this paper we take the adjective polysemous morpheme as an example, focusing on the frequency and word-forming ability of polysemous morphemes, to explore the influence of frequency effect on CSL learners’ guessing outcome of the meaning of compound words. The experiment took the students of intermediate Chinese level as the subjects and examined their guesses about 36 compound words with an adjective polysemous morpheme. The results show that:(1) The frequency of the sense of polysemous morpheme affects the guessing outcome of compound words. The scores of compound words with polysemous morpheme which has sense in high frequency are higher than those in low frequency.(2) The word-forming ability of the adjective polysemous morpheme has a significant effect on the learners’ meaning-guessing outcomes of compound words. The scores of compound words with strong word formation ability are obviously better than those with weak word-forming ability. This effect is only reflected in compound words with polysemous morpheme which has low frequency sense.(3) The two frequencies from the sense frequency and the word formation force have a superposition effect in word meaning guessing, which is mainly reflected in the fact that the word meaning guessing effect is the best in high frequency superposition, and that in low frequency superposition is vice versa. Based on the results from experiment, it is found that the scores are also affected by the confusion of the Chinese characters and the morpheme meanings in the process of word meaning guessing. The confusion of senses of polysemous morphemes is the most influential factor, mainly manifested by the confusion between low-frequency sense and semantically related high-frequency sense.