常用偏旁字在《汉字大纲》及相关字表中分布状况考察

Study of the Distribution of Commonly Used Semantic and Phonetic Components in the Table of Graded Chinese Characters and Other Related Lists of Chinese Characters

文章对常用偏旁字在对外汉语教学用新老两个《汉字大纲》及相关字表中的分布状况做了深入的考察。发现新老两个《汉字大纲》,在选字分级方面,似乎忽略了汉字教学以独体字为基础、以孳生能力强的字为教学重点的特点和规律。建议修订现行《汉字大纲》或研制新的《汉字大纲》时,充分考虑汉字教学自身需要,尽量多收构字能力强的偏旁字(包括非常用字),并归入初级字表或附录之中。

This article reports on a study of the distribution of commonly used semantic and phonetic components[5] in Chinese characters in the old and new versions of the Table of Graded Chinese Characters and other related lists of Chinese characters. The study shows that in both versions, when characters are selected and graded, the compilers have neglected the facts that single-component characters are the foundation and characters which combine with three or more other components should be the focus of character teaching. The author suggests that when editing the current tables or compiling further tables, semantic and phonetic components(including those not commonly used as single-component characters but which are used to construct multiple characters) should be given full consideration and put into the elementary level in the character list or the appendix.