公司担保法律问题的实证研究——基于2014年-2018年公司担保案例的分析

An Empirical Study on the Legal Issues of Corporate Guarantee Based on Corporate Guarantee Cases from 2014 to 2018

经过实证分析发现,我国的公司担保司法裁判存在效力认定路径不统一、审查义务不够清晰、同质案件不同判决等缺陷,清偿责任与效力认定的脱节亦打击了公司担保人的积极性。文章认为,在具体完善路径上,应当摒弃以第16条规范属性作为裁判该类案件起点的做法,将问题归入民事法律行为的范畴,回归代理权限的分析路径。明确相对人负有形式审查义务及其范围,根据其主观状态嫁接适用表见代理制度或无权代理规则。在适用《担保法解释》分配清偿责任时,对于公司是担保人的情形,应当提高其过错标准,给予其优于一般自然人担保人的倾斜保护。

Through the empirical analysis, it found that the judicial decision of company guarantee in China had the defects such as the non-unification of the path of validity determination, the lack of clear review obligations, and different judgments in the similar cases. In this paper, it put forward that the article 16 normative attribute should be abandoned as the starting point of adjudicating such cases.The concerned issues should be categorized as civil legal acts and the analysis path of agency authority should be returned. We should make it clear that the relative person has the obligation of formal examination and the scope should be defined. According to its subjective state, the grafting applies the agency system or the non-agency rule. When applying the "interpretation of the security law" to allocate the liquidation liability, the company should raise its fault standard and give it preferential protection better than the general natural person guarantor.