唐韩休墓壁画考古现场科学调查研究

Onsite study and investigation of Han Xiu Tomb murals of the Tang Dynasty

为了对考古现场墓葬壁画的后续研究、保护提供数据支撑,本研究对壁画进行全面科学记录和快速无损分析检测。联合多种科学手段,利用各种便携记录、分析检测设备,先后两次(2014年、2015年)在考古现场对韩休墓壁画进行了全面的影像信息提取、颜色记录、材质无损快速分析、病害记录和分析。调查结果表明,壁画存在改绘、早绘情况,局部地方有紫外荧光,如黄色、蓝色颜料部分。制作工艺为唐墓壁画标准制作方法,绘画所用材料主要为矿物颜料绘画时存在植物色和矿物色混色、颜料叠加使用情况。墓室壁画整体保存较好,但局部出现了空鼓、霉变等病害,需及时处理。该项工作是国内首例在考古现场对墓葬壁画开展的全面科学记录,为壁画后续研究、保护提供数据支撑,为同类工作的开展提供了参考实例和探索方向。

A variety of portable analytical instrumental methods were used for imaging information extraction, color recording, nondestructive rapid analysis of materials and disease interpretation during a two-round(in 2014 and 2015) overall scientific investigation of murals of Han Xiu Tomb in Xi’an. The results show the existence of re-painting and pre-painting and UV fluorescence on parts of the paintings(such as those with yellow and blue pigments). The technique for making these wall paintings was typical of those used during the Tang Dynasty. Mineral pigments were used for the majority of the paintings, but plant dyes and mineral pigments were mixed and overlaid during drawing. The murals are in a relatively good state of conservation except for local plumping and mould which needs timely treatments. As the first attempt in the overall scientific analysis of murals at archaeological excavation sites, this work provides not only data support for later research and conservation, but is also a reference case for similar projects.