有机硅助剂协同对双季稻叶面喷施的氨基酸微量元素肥增效潜力初探

A Primaty Study on the Synergistic Potentiality of Organosilicon Additive on Amino Acid Microelement Foliar Fertilizer Leaves in A Hybrid Rice Double-Cropping System

为探究有机硅助剂协同对双季稻叶面喷施的在氨基酸微量元素肥增效潜力,选择江西省宜春市双季稻系统为研究对象,以农用有机硅和氨基酸微量元素叶面肥为研究材料,系统地比较早、晚稻施用添加不同体积分数的有机硅助剂的叶面肥后水稻叶片中微量元素锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)的含量、成熟期水稻相关的生长性状以及添加不同体积分数的有机硅助剂对肥液的理化性质的影响。结果表明:当有机硅助剂添加体积分数达到0.05%(胶束临界浓度)时,3次叶面肥喷施后,Zn、Mn在早、晚稻叶片中的含量均达到最大,与对照组相比,均提高了30%以上;同时早、晚稻的株高、稻草生物量、有效分蘖率、千粒质量及产量均达到最大,与对照组相比,其中早、晚稻的产量分别增长了13.76%、7.72%。有机硅助剂的对叶面肥的协同增效机制主要是通过改善肥液的界面性质,提高肥液在叶片的附着面积、附着量和附着时间实现,在试验设计的有机硅助剂添加的体积分数范围内,有机硅助剂添加的体积分数与肥液的表面张力、润湿直径或铺展面积呈显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.982(P<0.01)、0.995(P<0.01)、0.988(P<0.01);随着有机硅助剂添加的体积分数的增大,肥液的干燥时间及其叶片最大持留量呈现出先增后减的趋势,最佳有机硅助剂添加量为体积分数0.05%,此时肥液在水稻叶片上的最大持留量分别较对照组增加了25.90%、88.79%。可见有机硅助剂的合理应用可显著促进水稻叶片对叶面肥中微量元素(Zn、Mn)的吸收利用,提高水稻产量,是叶面肥的有效增效剂。

In order to explore the application potential of agricultural organosilicon additive for synergism of amino acid microelement foliar fertilizer in a hybrid rice double-cropping system,a field experiment was conducted with agricultural organosilicon additive and foliar fertilizer in the double-cropping areas in Yichun City of Jiangxi Province,China,which systematically compared the contents of trace elements zinc(Zn)and manganese(Mn)in rice leaves,the related growth characters of rice in the mature stage and its physicochemical properties after sprayed with fertilizer solution and different volume fractions of organosilicon additive.The results were as follows.When the addition volume fraction of organosilicon additive was equal to critical micelle concentration of organosilicon additive,i.e. 0.05%,the contents of Zn and Mn in the leaves of the early and late rice after sprayed with amino acid microelement foliar fertilizer three times were up to the maximum,which increased by more than 30% compared with the control.At the same time,the plant height,the straw biomass,the effective tillering rate,the 1 000-grain weight and the yield of the early and late rice reached the maximum,of which the yield of the early and late rice increased by 13.76% and 7.72%,respectively compared with the control.The mechanism of agricultural organosilicon additive for synergism of amino acid microelement foliar fertilizer was due to the fact that organosilicon additives making the interfacial properties of foliar fertilizersolution improved obviously,which could increase the attachment area,amount and time of fertilizer solution on rice leaves.The addition volume fraction of organosilicon additive was significant correlated withsurface tension,wetting diameter or spreading area,and the correlation coefficients were-0.982(P<0.01),0.995(P<0.01)and 0.988(P<0.01),respectively.With the increase of the volume fraction of the organic silicon additives,the trends of the drying time of foliar fertilizer solution and the maximum retention of foliar fertilizer solution on the rice leaves were increasefirst and then decreaseand the maximum values wereresponsedwiththe addition volume fraction of 0.05% organosilicon additive,the drying time and the maximum retentionon rice leaves for foliar fertilizer solution increased by 25.90%,88.79%,respectively,compared with the control.Therefore,the rational application of organosilicon additives could significantly promote the uptake and utilization of trace elements(Zn,Mn)in foliar fertilizer by rice leaves,and increase the yield of rice.It is an effective synergist of foliar fertilizer.