新媒体时代城市规划的公众参与：话题演进与情感判别

Public Participation in Urban Planning in the New Media Era:Topic Evolution and Sentiment Analysis

随着新媒体时代的到来,城市规划的公众参与形式愈加多元化,参与模式与程度都发生了深刻变革。基于上海市城市总体规划(2017-2035)编制阶段新浪微博上公众参与的全部原创微博、评论和转发数据,对公众参与热点话题的时空演进及相应情感的研究表明:规划热点话题受到的持续关注度较差,具有典型的间歇性和爆发性特征;各区关注的热点话题分异明显,揭示了规划作为一项公共政策的时空偏好特征;公众参与程度也表现出空间不均衡特征,参与主体聚集于主城区;不论是总体情感还是分话题情感,公众大多表达出消极态度;从不同用户类型的情感倾向来看,蓝V和黄V用户的情感态度较为积极,而普通用户则持有较明显的消极态度,揭示了网络空间公众参与的特殊性。政府应借助新媒体工具和大数据技术,搭建更加合理的公众参与平台,完善公众参与机制。

With the advent of the new media era,the form of public participation in urban planning has become more diversified,and its mode and extent have undergone profound changes.Traditional ways in which public opinions are manually selected and summarized have failed to meet the needs of processing an ocean of public opinions.Thus,it is of urgent necessity to apply big data mining and analysis technology to obtaining,extracting and summarizing public opinions.Taking Sina Weibo,a main social media platform in China,as a source of public opinions,this study crawled 12 171 microblog data related to Shanghai Master Plan(2017-2035)(hereinafter referred to as″Shanghai 2035″)during its planning.Natural language processing technology was employed to obtain public opinions,identify public attitudes and analyze public behaviors,thereby revealing the results and features of internet-based public participation in Shanghai 2035.To better coordinate the interests of various stakeholders and boost the level of planning in the long term,an integrated topical and emotional analysis was made to get a comprehensive picture of public demands of values and to track down the development of these issues.The public gave huge attention to Shanghai 2035 on Sina Weibo with respect to the various aspects of planning.The three most attention-getting topics were″population″,″global city″,and″publicity of the draft″.Topics such as″housing price″,″construction land″,″metropolitan area″,and″transportation″were also the focus of public attention.The results of the overall sentiment analysis show that the proportion of microblog data with negative and positive emotions amounted to 56.69%and 39.97%,respectively.Almost all the top eight topics were dominated by negative opinions,except for″publicity of the draft″to which a slightly larger number of people responded positively.In brief,most of the public on Sina Weibo held negative attitudes toward the topic,be it overall sentiment or topical sentiment.The spatial-temporal analysis of topic evolution suggests that public attention to hot topics was not continuous;rather,it was intermittent and explosive and the public in different districts were concerned about different topics.This phenomenon was closely related to socioeconomic situations and planning impacts,indicative of the spatial-temporal preference of planning as a public policy.In this paper,the spatial mobility of topics was further explored by taking two trending topics(i.e.,″total population″and″global city″)in all districts as examples.The result presents an obvious spatial imbalance in terms of topic mobility.The public in the main urban zone played a leading role in public participation in Shanghai 2035 in that topics were both initiated and ended in the main urban zone whereas people in suburban areas participated in discussions only during the heated discussion period.With regard to public behaviors,public participation on a social media platform was featured by″the government posting microblogs and the general public commenting on and reposting microblogs″.The three types of Weibo subscribers - Blue V,Yellow V and general users-represented different stakeholders with different interests and demands,such as government agencies,experts in relevant fields and common users.They focused on different topics and expressed different emotions.Blue V and Yellow V users were concerned about more strategic topics with more positive attitudes,while general users paid more attention to topics closely related to their daily life and most of them held negative attitudes.The disparity between one’s current life situation and the planning horizon could be the primary cause for negative emotions among the general public.