从漠视到觉醒：西方旅游研究对身体的再认识

FROM INDIFFERENCE TO AWAKENING: THE RETHINK OFWESTERN TOURISM STUDIES ON BODY

旅游是一个身体体验的过程。旅游中的身体是物质性的身体和社会建构的身体的统一体。自20世纪90年代以来,伴随着人文社科领域“身体转向”、“感官转向”和“非表征转向”的到来,西方旅游学界的研究者开始关注到旅游者的身体和具身性话题。在梳理西方旅游研究关注与身体话题相关文献的基础上,总结了旅游研究关注身体话题的几个发展阶段和相应特征,并从身体与旅游目的地形象表征,身体政治与性旅游、医疗旅游,身体展演与旅游节庆仪式,身体、感官与旅游景观,具身性与旅游体验五大议题进行了归纳和探讨。提出了基于身体理论视角下的旅游研究的路径和框架,并进一步提出了国内未来研究需要重点关注的话题。以期推动国内旅游研究对身体的进一步的关注。

During the last few decades there has been a pronounced "turn to the body" within humanities and social sciences. As an important part of humanities and social studies, tourism research must have a dialogue with other disciplines on the methodological significance of performance, embodiment, affect and emotion.However, studies of the body and embodiment in tourism research, especially domestic tourism are lacking.Since the 1990 s, western tourism scholars have begun to pay attention to body studies. The body provides a new research perspective and paradigm for tourism research, which is increasingly concerned by western tourism scholars. "body, embodiment and emotion" have gradually become one of the seven major topics in current western tourism studies. Using literature analysis, this article comprehensively analyzes western tourism studies on body based on literature search from academic databases. The development stage and characteristics of western tourism studies on body were then summarized. The research progress in tourism studies on body were analyzed from five aspects of body and tourist destination image representation, body politics and sex tourism, medical tourism, body performance and tourism festivals, body sense and tourism landscape, embodiment and tourist experience. We argue that the body in tourism research is not only constructed by discourse, but also practiced and experienced. Finally, this article proposes the path and framework of tourism research on body, and further proposes the future research areas. This article seeks to enrich the interdisciplinary research of the body in domestic tourism discipline.