面向城市基调管控的建筑群色彩感知和意义理解分析——以北京故宫建筑群为例

THE COLOR PERCEPTION AND COLOR MEANING AWARENESS ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURES FOR URBAN CONTEXT PLANNING: A CASE OF THE FORBIDDEN CITY IN BEIJING

北京新一轮总体规划提出保护城市色彩基调。本研究认为该任务的目的是保护色彩基调对于人的文化意义,因此从新文化地理学的角度提出问题,人们对城市色彩的感知和意义理解之间是否有联系?研究以北京故宫建筑群为研究区域,运用眼动实验调查人们对色彩的感知,以结构性访谈法了解人们的色彩意义理解,目的是探究文化在感知和认知中的作用,以及眼动实验方法在反映色彩意义理解结果的可行性。结果显示色彩感知与意义理解间两者无统计上的相关性,眼动指标无法解释被试对色彩意义的理解。研究结论是被试对色彩的理解具有“整体依赖”的特点,实践性建议是具有文化认同的城市色彩可以保留,同时允许主体对城市色彩有多角度的感知和积极理解。

The Beijing Urban Master Plan(2016-2035) proposes to maintain the style and diversity of urban architectures. Protecting the color context of the city is one of the tasks. This study believes that the purpose of this task is to protect the cultural meaning of color context for people. The research question of this case study comes from the perspective of new cultural geography on landscape meanings. Our study takes the Forbidden City in Beijing as the research area. It uses an experiment of eye tracking to investigate interviewees' perception of landscape color, and conducts structured interview to gain their understanding of the color meaning. The three results are gained through the two methods. First, although we control the attributes of the testees or interviewees as same as possible in multiple dimensions, the characteristics of their color perception and cognition or awareness of color meaning still have differences between individuals. Second, there is no statistically significant correlation between B-value (the concentration of fixation that a testee's sight gazes on AOI), Cvalue (the time that a testee's sight gets into AOI from the test starting), D-value (the time that a testee's sight gazes on AOI) and A-value (the color meaning awareness level of the Forbidden City). Third, some interviewees come out with different color meanings from that in traditional culture or collective culture. The conclusion is that the eye movement index cannot fully explain the interviewees' understanding of color meaning, and most of them have collectivist/interdependent on color meaning.