乡村旅游对农户农林业生产和外出务工影响研究——基于陕西22个旅游扶贫村农户调查数据

IMPACT OF RURAL TOURISM ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS PLANTATION AND MIGRATION IN THE POOR MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: EVIDENCE FROM SURVEY IN 22 VILLAGES IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

利用课题组2017年6—8月在陕西安康、商洛、汉中、宝鸡4市9县22个旅游扶贫村收集的841个农户调查数据,采用双重选择模型(DSM)等分析了农户参与旅游对家庭农林业劳动时间、外出务工时间的影响。研究发现,参与旅游有助于增加调查地的农户收入,旅游兼营型农户收入更高。在全样本中,参与旅游对农户农林业生产时间具有显著负向作用,但在参与了旅游的农户样本中,农户参与旅游一些特征或形式,如土特产销售,对农林业生产则有显著正向作用;在多个模型中,农户从事旅游对家庭外出务工活动具有显著的负向作用。提出了延长农业产业链、发展"旅游+农业"、促进农村一二三产业融合,提高景区带村作用、完善旅游扶贫政策等对策建议。

This paper uses more than 841 rural households data collected in 22 tourism poverty reduction pilot villages in 9 counties in Ankang, Shangluo, Hanzhong, Baoji, Shaanxi Province China during June-August 2017 by the authors. This paper analyses the impact of tourism participation on the rural households' plantation working time and non-tourism out-migration time by using Double Selection Model(DSM). The main findings are as follows: rural tourism can increase the households' income in survey sites, and the diversified households who are involved in tourism and agriculture have the highest family income. In the whole sample, participating in tourism has significant negative effect on rural households' agriculture and forestry production. However, from the descriptive statistics results and regression model in sub- sample of rural households who participated in tourism, we find that some tourism participation features, such as number of tourism employment in the families or specific types of tourism business, such as local product sales have significant positive impact on the family agriculture and forestry labor time. The substitution effect of tourism participation for non-tourism out-migration time is significant in several regression models. Some suggestions are proposed viz extending the agriculture industry chain, implementing the "tourism+agriculture", promoting the integration of first, second and third industry in rural areas, encouraging community tourism by nearby tourism attractions, improving the pro-poor tourism policies etc.