北魏洛阳内城的空间格局复原研究——北魏洛阳城遗址复原研究之一

A Restoration of the Spatial Layout of the Inner City of Northern Wei Capital, Luoyang——One of the Restoration Researches on the Site of Northern Wei Capital, Luoyang

北魏是中国历史上第一个由北方游牧民族入主中原创立的王朝。北魏迁都洛阳以后创建的都城,不仅继承了前代中原王朝以太极殿为核心的宫城居中的都城制度,而且也结合十六国南北朝时期多民族与多元文化融合的特点,在都城外围修建了规模空前的外郭城和众多里坊,其三重城圈的都城形制对中国古代后续王朝的都城形制具有非常重要的影响。本文结合该城址近六十年的考古工作和文献资料,对北魏洛阳都城内城的墙垣、城门、街道格局和重要建筑分布进行了复原研究。

Northern Wei is the very first dynasty found by northern nomads after they took over the Central Plains in Chinese history. After relocating the capital to Luoyang, the rulers built the city by inheriting the city planning prevalent in former dynasties that centering on the imperial city whose core was the Hall of Taiji, and taking into consideration the multi-ethnic and multicultural integration during the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Around the capital, an unprecedented massive Outer City and numerous neighborhoods and lanes came into existence. Such a layout, which had three concentric city walls, heavily influenced the structures of other capitals that appeared in later dynasties. In this article, on the bases of archaeological work in the past sixty years at the site and relevant documents, city walls, city gates, the street system and distribution of major architectures in the Inner City of Luoyang in Northern Wei are examined and restored.