明清北京官式建筑柱头科、平身科形制分期研究——兼论故宫慈宁宫花园咸若馆建筑年代

The Model Evolution of Column Corbel-Brackets and Intermediate Corbel-Brackets in The Ming-Qing Official Architecture in Beijing and The Construction Time of Xianruoguan Hall in Cining’gong Garden of The Forbidden City

本文运用建筑考古学研究方法,从明清北京官式建筑柱头科做法上提炼出4组共14个形制类型及其组合关系;从明清北京官式建筑平身科做法上提炼出4组共13个形制类型及其组合关系,结合相关文献,系统梳理出46处形制的标尺,同时,通过对其形制演变的分析,划分出明清时期北京官式建筑柱头科、平身科所经历的六个演变历程。最后,作者利用上述分期结论,结合相关文献,研究了故宫慈宁宫花园咸若馆的年代问题。

With architectural archaeology method and archives this thesis focuses on two sets of architectural components----column corbel-brackets and intermediate corbel-brackets in the Ming-Qing official timber buildings in Beijing selecting 4 groups of column corbel-brackets consisting of 14 models and 4 groups of intermediate corbel-brackets including 13 models to demonstrates their connections and six stages of development. The analysis above works with relevant historical documents to calculate the construction time of Xianruoguan Hall in Cining’gong Garden of the Forbidden City.