北朝扇形忍冬纹样及其西方来源

The Northern Dynasties’ Enclosed Palmette Pattern and Its Western Origin

北朝时期流行的以C形藤蔓为骨架、呈扇形构图的忍冬纹样,包括一般和特殊两种形态。一般扇形忍冬纹样主要存在于北魏中期前后,少许延续至北齐,集中分布在大同周围,零星见于洛阳、延安、敦煌等地。特殊扇形忍冬纹样在前者基础上产生,短暂流行于北魏中期后段,仅见于大同周围。扇形忍冬纹样由来于地中海地区同类纹样,在南欧前5、4世纪发展成熟,伴随着亚历山大东征和希腊化运动,向东传播至西亚、西北印度,进而传入中国并本土化,成为南北朝忍冬纹样系统中与众不同的组成部分。

The enclosed palmette patterns of the Northern Dynasties taking C-shaped vine for framework with the fanlike design have two forms----general and special. The former in general prevailed across Pingcheng(Datong) area around the middle Northern-Wei dynasty with a few remaining to the Northern Qi dynasty occasionally found in Luoyang, Yan’an, Dunhuang and other places. The latter based on the former appeared only around Pingcheng(Datong) area for a short while in the middle and late Northern Wei dynasty. The pattern design derived from the similar in Mediterranean region, where it developed mature by the 5th to 4th century BC in the south Europe, then followed the eastern expedition of Alexander and Hellenization movement eastward to West Asia and Northwest India, and then reached China where it got Sinicized to be a part of enclosed palmette pattern series with its unique style in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.