2008—2017年新疆学校传染病类突发公共卫生事件特征分析

Characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious disease at schools in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2017

目的分析新疆学校传染病类突发公共卫生事件的特征,为预防、控制和有效处置学校突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析突发公共卫生管理系统中,2008-2017年报告的新疆各级、各类学校(包括托幼机构)传染病类突发公共卫生事件。结果 2008-2017年新疆共报告学校传染病类突发公共卫生事件350起、占学校事件总数的96.95%,罹患率为3.12%;报告事件数和病例数最多的地区为乌鲁木齐市(100起、3 215例)及和田地区(78起、1 922例);事件发生高峰集中在3-6月(191起、54.57%)和9-12月(141起、40.28%);病种以水痘(134起、38.29%)和流行性腮腺炎(98起、28.00%)为主;学校类型主要为农村学校(193起、55.14%),罹患率以农村幼儿园最高(6.44%)。结论学校是传染病突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,以呼吸道传染病为主,冬春季是高发季节,农村学校是预防和控制重点区域;建议结合实际情况,加强农村学校呼吸道传染病的预防控制,并适当调整免疫策略,建立有效的免疫屏障。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases at schools in Xinjiang, and provide scientific basis for preventing, controlling and effectively dealing with the public health emergencies at schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were taken to analyze the public health emergencies of infectious disease at schools(including kindergartens) reported in public health emergency management system in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2017. Results There were 350 public health emergencies of infectious diseases reported at schools in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2017, accounting for 96.95% of the total school incidents, with incidence rate of 3.12%. Most events and number of cases were reported in Urumqi(100 events, 3 215 cases) and Hotan(78 events, 1 922 cases). The public health emergencies concentrated from March to June(191 events, 54.57%) and from September to December(141 events, 40.28%), with the dominance of chicken pox(134 events, accounting for 38.29%) and mumps(98 events, accounting for 28.00%);and mainly occurred at rural schools(193 events, accounting for 55.14%), with the highest attack rate of 6.44% of the rural kindergartens.Conclusions The public health emergencies occur highly at schools. Respiratory infectious diseases are the dominant and occur mainly in winter and spring. The rural schools are the key to prevention and control. It is suggested that the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases be strengthened in rural schools, and the immunization strategy be adjusted for establishing effective immunologic barrier according to the practical situation.