Quantitative computed tomography measurement of cross-sectional area of small pulmonary vessels in asthmatic patients

Background: Cross-sectional area (CSA) for small pulmonary vessels is considered a parameter of pulmonary vessel alterations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was to evaluate the correlation of CSA with airflow obstruction parameters in asthma. Furthermore, we aimed to measure the difference in vascular alteration between asthma phenotypes and evaluate its relation with cytokine levels. Methods: We consecutively enrolled 20 adult asthmatic patients (13 women: age range, 26–80 years) and 20 healthy controls (8 women: age range, 23–61 years) from Peking University Third Hospital. Total CSA <5 mm2 (CSA<5) was measured with 64-slice spiral computed tomography, and the percentage CSA <5 for the lung area (%CSA<5) was calculated. Data were corrected for body surface area to obtain sixth-generation airway luminal diameter (LDcor), luminal area (Aicor), and airway wall thickness, and airway wall area percentage (WA%) was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of leptin, total immunoglobulin E, periostin, and transforming growth factor β1 in serum and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in induced sputum supernatant of asthmatic patients. The differences in %CSA<5 between subgroups were assessed by independent samples Student's t test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of %CSA<5 with clinical indexes and inflammatory cytokine levels. Results: Patients with asthma and controls did not differ in %CSA<5. In asthma patients,%CSA<5 was lower with initial onset age ≤12 years old, airflow restriction and uncontrolled Global Initiative for Asthma classification (all P < 0.05). Moreover, it was positively correlated with forced vital capacity ratio in 1 s (FEV1)/forced expiratory volume ratio, FEV1%, LDcor, Aicor, and serum leptin level (all P < 0.05) and negatively with total lung WA%(P = 0.007). Conclusions:%CSA<5 of pulmonary small vessels was well correlated with airflow limitation indexes and sixth-generation airway parameters. It has certain significance in predicting the clinical control of asthma.