云南文山传统药市起源考略

A Study on Origins of WenShan Traditional Chinese Medicine Fairs in Yunnan

文山地处滇南,毗邻越南,自西汉置郡始即隶属我国疆土。得利于特殊的地理条件和气候环境,文山境内有着丰富的药材资源,也因此形成了以药材交易为主要目的的传统药市,至今在文山集市上仍可见到传统药市遗留的痕迹。本文在文献研究基础上结合实地调研发现,文山药市起源于南宋,随集市的兴起而产生,马帮活动和边民互市促进了药市的发展,清代封建地主制经济推动了药市的繁荣。文山药市历经千年变迁,至今仍活跃于文山各大集市,已成为我国西南边疆民族地区的一大特色。

Wenshan, subordinated to the territory of our country from the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, is located in the south of Yunnan, being adjacent to Vietnam. For there are abundant medicinal resources because of special geographical conditions and climatic environment, the traditional medicine markets with the main purpose of medicinal materials transaction has been formed. So far, traces of traditional medicine markets can still be seen in Wenshan markets. Based on literature research combined with local investigations, this paper finds that Wenshan medicine markets originated from the Southern Song Dynasty, growing up with bazaars with development by the caravan activities and border exchanges. Finally the feudal landlord economy promoted the prosperity of the medicine fairs in the Qing Dynasty. After thousands of years of changes, traditional Chinese medicine fairs are still active in the major fairs in Wenshan to become a major feature of the southwestern board ethnic areas in China.