不同绿化配置对交通噪声的衰减效果比较

Comparison of Attenuation Effect of Different Greening Configurations on Traffic Noise

为了研究不同绿化配置对交通噪声的衰减效应,在昆明市主干道东三环的绿化带以及周边城市森林设置20 m宽林带10个,测试不同类型林带对交通噪声的降噪值,并分析了季节和距离对各林带降噪效果的影响。研究表明:①昆明市东三环马路上的噪声值超过国家4类标准,而各个不同类型的绿化林带的噪声值均达到国家4类标准以内;②20 m宽林带的降噪值随距离声源距离的变化而差异明显;③由叶片更宽且表面被毛、枝叶繁茂、分枝点低的乔灌木树种隔行栽植所组成的20m宽且靠近道路的乔灌草复层结构绿化带可以更好地消减交通噪音;④香樟和石楠的降噪声最大,均达到4.9 dB,而圆柏、华山松和云南松的降噪声稍微低一点;灌木和草本植物没有乔木的降噪效果好,因此选择生长良好,枝繁叶茂的植物,冠幅大且枝叶浓密对声波的反射和吸收效果好,能起到较好的降噪效果;⑤不同绿化配置对噪声的降噪作用不相同,其中乔灌草这种绿化配置对噪声的降噪效果最为明显;⑥雨季的噪声值比旱季的噪声值低,因为降雨量对植物的降噪效果有影响。

In order to study the different greening configuration of traffic noise attenuation effect, in the greening of Kunming city trunk road, East Third Ring and peri urban forest set 20 m wide belt 10, test of forest belts with different types of traffic noise noise reduction value, and analyzes the season and distance from the forest belt of noise reduction effect. Research shows that:①on the road of Kunming City, East sanhuan noise value of more than 4 kinds of national standard, and the noise of different types of green belt values have reached the national standard of 4 or less,② noise reduction 20 m wide forest value changes with the distance from the sound source and the difference is obvious,③ from the leaves wider and surface coat, lush foliage, low branching point of trees and shrub interlaced planting which consists of 20 m wide and close to the road of grass and shrub layer structure of the green belt can better reduce traffic noise,④ Shi Nan and camphor noise reducing the maximum, reached 4.9dB, while reducing the noise of Sabina chinensis Huashan, Yunnan pine and pine slightly lower, shrubs and herbs have good noise reduction effect of trees, so the choice of good growth, with luxuriant foliage plants, the crown and the thick foliage of a sound wave reflection and absorption effect is good, can play a better noise reduction effect,⑤ noise reduction effect of different greening configuration on the noise is not the same, which arbor, shrub and herb in the greening of noise noise reduction effect is the most obvious,⑥during the rainy season the noise values lower than the noise of the dry season, because rainfall on plant noise reduction effect.