粤北地区杉木真菌性病害种类

The Fungal Diseases of Chinese Fir in Northern Guangdong

对粤北地区(小坑林场、龙山林场、大坑山林场)杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolate)真菌性病害进行全面调查,共采集86份标本,分离病组织获得菌株162份,主要归属于炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)、腐皮壳属(Diaporthe)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、黑孢菌属(Nigrospora)、拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)、叶点霉属(Phyllosticta)以及散斑壳属(Lophodermium)等。根据病害症状粤北地区主要杉木病害包括:杉木立枯病、杉木炭疽病、杉木溃疡病、杉木顶枯病、杉木梢枯病、杉木赤枯病、杉木球果坏死。各林场杉木林中,杉木炭疽病普遍发生、分布广;种子园中杉木球果病害危害严重,直接影响球果的产量和质量;在大坑山林场4-5年生的林分中,杉木顶枯病大面积发生,但在其它地区少有发生;此外,杉木溃疡病、杉木赤枯病和杉木立枯病在个别无性系或者苗圃中零星发生,但危害较轻。

The fungal diseases of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolate) were investigated in northern Guangdong(Xiaokeng forest farm, Longshan forest farm, and Dakeng mountain forest farm). A total of 86 samples were collected in this study, and 162 strains were isolated from the diseased tissues, which mainly belonged into the genus of Colletotrichum, Pestalotiopsis, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Nigrospora, Phomopsis,Phyllosticta, and Lophodermium. According to disease symptoms, Chinese fir diseases in northern Guangdong mainly included Chinese fir seedling blight, Chinese fir anthracnose, Chinese fir canker, blight of Chinese fir,Chinese fir shoot blight, Chinese fir needle blight, and Chinese fir cone necrosis. The anthrax of Chinese fir was common and the most widely in all kinds of Chinese fir forest. In seed orchards, the disease of Chinese fir cone was serious, which directly affected the yields and quality of seeds. In Dakeng mountain forest farm, the blight of Chinese fir occurred in a large scale, but rarely in other places. In addition, the Chinese fir canker disease, the needle blight, and the seedling blight occurred sporadically, but the harm were light.