增收与生态保护：双重保障型草地市场化流转机制探析

Income Increase and Ecological Protection: The Analysis of the Market-Oriented Circulation Mechanism of Double-Guaranteed Grassland

草地流转在协调草原生态保护和牧民生计提升方面发挥出重要作用,是深化草地制度改革、落实乡村振兴战略的纽带。然而不断出现的草地流转风险,对牧民生计和草地生态均构成潜在威胁,因此,健全草地流转市场体系、完善草场资源管理对降低风险损失具有重要意义。文章采用归纳演绎法,通过借鉴、比较农地流转经验,提出从生态保护和牧民生计两个方面推动草地流转市场建设,即一方面要降低草地流转过程中可能面临的风险,如失地失业、经营规模不稳定,保障牧民生计发展;另一方面要明确流转主体间草地生态保护责任,保障流转草地生态环境不退化。对此,结合草原畜牧业经营特征,提出双重保障型草地市场流转的改革思路,构建牧民生存发展和草地生态保护的双重保障体系,促进牧区经济发展、提高牧民收入、落实牧区乡村振兴战略。

Grassland circulation plays an important role in coordinating grassland ecological protection and the livelihood promotion of herdsmen,and is the link to deepen the reform of grassland system and implement the strategy of rural revitalization. However,the ever-increasing grassland circulation risk poses a potential threat to herdsmen's livelihood and grassland ecology. Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the grassland circulation market system and grassland resource management to reduce risks losses.By using inductive and deductive method,this paper puts forward the construction of grassland circulation market from two aspects of ecological protection and herdsmen’s livelihood by drawing on and comparing the experience of farmland circulation.That is,on the one hand,to reduce the risks of grassland circulation process may face,such as losing land and unemployment,the scale of operation is unstable,to ensure the livelihood development of pastoralists.On the other hand,we should clarify the responsibility of grassland ecological protection among the main body of circulation and ensure the ecological environment of the circulating grassland.Based on the characteristics of grassland animal husbandry management,this paper puts forward the reform ideas of double-guaranteed grassland market circulation,constructs the dual guarantee system of herdsmen's development and grassland ecological protection,promotes the economic development of pastoral areas,enhances the income of herdsmen,and implements the strategy of rural revitalization.