马克思资本批判思想的关节点探源——重读《雇佣劳动与资本》

A Study of the Important Nodes of Marx’s Critical Thought of Capital: Rereading Wage Labor and Capital

历史唯物主义的形成与马克思资本批判思想紧密相关。以唯物主义历史观的确立为界点,马克思的资本批判可以划分为两个阶段,在第一阶段从《雇佣劳动与资本》开始真正实现了历史唯物主义和政治经济学的无缝对接。马克思在这一文本中实现了认识上的飞跃,既厘清了"社会关系"与"生产关系"概念的内在关系,也达到了对"资本"概念的科学把握,并提炼出"雇佣劳动"概念,最后考察了二者的关系。《雇佣劳动与资本》第一次全面对资本主义生产关系进行了阐述,为深入批判资本做好了理论准备,它处于马克思资本批判思想变化的重要节点。

The formation of historical materialism is closely related to Marx's critical thought of capital.With the establishment of historical materialism as the boundary point,Marx's criticism of capital can be divided into two stages.In the first stage,the seamless connection between historical materialism and political economics was truly realized from the publishing of Wage Labor and Capital.Marx realized a leap in cognition in this text,not only clarifying the internal relationship between the concepts of“social relations”and“relations of production”,but also achieving a scientific grasp of the concept of“capital”,and refining the concept of“wage labor”,and finally examining the relationship between the two.Wage Labor and Capital is the first comprehensive exposition of capitalist relations of production,which makes theoretical preparation for the in-depth criticism of capital.It is an important node in the change of Marx’s critical thought of capital.