马克思社会结构理论的三重维度——基于《政治经济学批判大纲》的考察

Three Dimensions of Marx’s Theory of Social Structure: A Survey based on Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy

在《政治经济学批判大纲》中,马克思将历史唯物主义与政治经济学批判相融合,从历史、主体、空间三个维度开展了对社会结构历史演变的考察。从历史维度看,马克思分析了资本主义社会结构的历史生成;从主体维度看,马克思指明了资本主义社会结构中劳动与资本的根本对立,以及经济关系与意识形态之间的矛盾关系;从空间维度看,马克思综合考察了时间与空间的三对关系,揭示了资本利用空间巩固自身统治的内在机制。从历史、主体、空间三个维度分析资本主义社会结构,有利于丰富马克思的社会结构理论和历史唯物主义。

In the Grundrisse:Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy,Marx integrated historical materialism with the critique of political economics,and conducted an investigation of the historical evolution of social structure from three dimensions of history,subject and space.From the perspective of history,Marx analyzed the historical formation of the capitalist social structure.From the subjective dimension,Marx pointed out the fundamental opposition between labor and capital in the capitalist social structure,and the contradictory relationship between economic relations and ideology.From the perspective of spatial dimension,Marx comprehensively investigated the three pairs of relations between time and space,and revealed the internal mechanism of capital using space to consolidate its rule.Analyzing the capitalist social structure from the three dimensions of history,subject and space is helpful to enrich Marx’s theory of social structure and historical materialism.