人类胚胎基因编辑技术的伦理问题与监管对策

Ethical Problems and Supervisory Measures of Human Embryo Gene Editing Technology

人类胚胎基因编辑技术为患不治之症的孩子带来了希望,它促进了人类的生命健康,但也对现有的社会伦理体系产生了冲突,引起了技术风险、权利责任、社会平等等方面的一系列伦理问题。对人类胚基因编辑技术带来的生命伦理问题进行思考,目的是有效化解科研活动与伦理道德之间的冲突,使该技术能够更好地改善人类生命健康。解决这些伦理问题的对策和建议应有针对性,可通过制定伦理规范准则,加强科研人员、医疗工作者伦理道德修养,设立独立的伦理审查机构,重点支持技术革新,建立健全法律法规等,来加强对此项技术的监管,确保该技术的安全应用。鉴于人类胚胎基因编辑技术的不成熟,目前只能允许有限使用,待技术成熟之后方可开展临床试验。

Human embryonic gene editing technology brings hope to children with incurable diseases. It promotes human life and health,and at the same time it conflicts with the existing social ethical system,causing a series of ethical problems concerning technical risks,rights and responsibilities,and social equality. The re-thinking about the bioethical issues brought about by human embryonic gene editing technology is to effectively resolve the conflict between scientific research activities and ethics,so that the technology can help better improve human life and health. The countermeasures and suggestions to solve these ethical problems should be targeted. We can reinforce the supervision of this technology by formulating ethical norms,strengthening the ethical and moral cultivation of scientific researchers and medical workers,setting up independent ethical review institutions,focusing on supporting technological innovation,establishing and perfecting laws and regulations to ensure safer applications. In view of the immaturity of human embryo gene editing technology,limited use can only be allowed at present,and clinical trials can be carried out only when the technology is mature.