中国高等教育专业结构对技能溢价的影响——基于CGSS数据的实证研究

The Impact of Professional Structure of Higher Education on Skill Premium in China:An Empirical Research Based on CGSS Data

为充分发挥我国高等教育的人才培养作用,提升高等教育的市场化外部收益,基于高等教育专业划分的视角,通过建立计量模型,构建技能溢价决定方程,运用中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS)进行滞后面板回归分析,研究2004-2015年间高等教育不同专业对技能溢价的影响,丰富了技能溢价影响因素领域的研究。结果表明:农林类、理工类、经管类、医药类和教育类专业的高技能劳动力供给变化与技能溢价成反向变动关系,即中国高等教育专业结构通过影响技能劳动力的相对供给,从而对技能溢价产生负向影响;且该影响还表现出明显的地区差异,其中,农林类、经管类和医药类专业与技能溢价的负相关关系在东部地区更加显著,而教育类和人文艺术类专业对技能溢价的负向影响在西部地区更为显著。

In order to give full play to the role of talents training of higher education in China and promote the external benefits of marketization of higher education,we established the econometric model,constructed the skill premium decision equation based on the perspective of the professional division of Higher Education,using the China comprehensive social survey data(CGSS) to analyze lagged panel regression,examine the impact of different majors of higher education on skill premium from 2004 to 2015,and enrich the research on the factors affecting skill premium. The results showed that a reverse relationship exists between skill premium and the change of high skilled labor supply in Agriculture and Forestry,Science and Engineering,Economy and Management,Medicine,and Education;that is to say,the professional structure of higher education in China has a negative impact on skill premium by influencing the relative supply of skilled labor force. The effect also shows obvious regional differences. Among them,the negative correlation between specialties of Agricultural,Forestry,Economy and Management,Medical and skill premium is more significant in the eastern regions,while the negative influence of Education and Humanities and Arts specialties on skill premium is more significant in the western regions.