1949—1999年中国国土调查科学技术发展研究

A Research on the Development of Science and Technology in China’s Land Survey from 1949 to 1999

基于测绘科学技术在国土调查中的具体应用,分1949—1977年和1978—1999年两个时间段,对土地改革时期、社会主义计划经济时期和社会主义市场经济时期国土调查科学技术,特别是1981—1999年开展的第一次全国国土调查科学技术的发展背景、现状、过程和特点进行表述、讨论、分析、归纳,总结出测绘科学技术和国土调查科学技术的内在联系及相互影响的各个方面,以及国土调查科学技术发展的一般规律.研究结论为:50年来,伴随测绘科学技术的发展和应用,国土调查科学技术经历了丈量法、模拟法、解析法向数字化发展的历程;国土调查经历了零星、非专业、简易和低精度调查到全国性、专业性、系统性和高精度调查的发展过程;第一次全国国土调查建立了国土调查科学技术的基本体系;国土调查科学技术在数据采集、图数处理和海量信息管理的软硬件系统方面的自主创新还不足.

Based on the application of surveying and mapping science and technology in land investigation,it could be divided into two periods,i.e.1949-1977 and 1978-1999.By discussing,analyzing,inducing and concluding the background,present situation,process and characteristics of science and technology of surveying and mapping science and technology during the land reforming period,the socialist planned economy period and the period of socialist market economy of land investigation science and technology,especially for the first time in 1981-1999 national land survey of the development of science and technology,we summarized the internal relations and mutual influences be-tween surveying and mapping science and technology and land survey science and technology,as well as the general rules of the development of land survey science and technology.It is concluded that in the past 50 years,with the development and application of surveying and mapping science and technology,land survey science and technology has gone through the development process from measurement,simulation and analysis to digitization.Land survey has experienced the development process from sporadic,non-professional,simple and low-precision survey to nationwide,professional,systematic and high-precision survey.The first national land survey established the basic system of land survey science and technology.The independent innovation of land survey science and technology in software,hard-ware system of datacollection,figure number processing and mass information management is not enough.