马克思对卢梭人民主权思想的继承与超越

Marx’s Inheritance and Transcendence of Rousseau’s Thought of People’s Sovereignty

人民主权是政治哲学研究的核心内容,也是社会发展和政治文明进步的标志。卢梭从资本主义私有制造成人类社会不平等的角度提出了人民主权理论,强调了人民主权的不可分割、不可代表和至高无上性。卢梭的人民主权思想对马克思权力思想的形成产生了重要影响,其关于法律、政府和主权的论述是马克思建立人民主权国家的理论基础。但是,卢梭的人民主权思想并未跳出时代的限制,本质上是一种抽象的、理想主义的设想。马克思的人民主权思想从物质生产和物质生产关系中现实的人出发,对实现主权在民的社会理想提出了现实的方法论指导,是对卢梭思想的超越和发展。

“People’s Sovereignty”is the core content of political philosophy research,and also the symbol of social development and political civilization progress.Rousseau put forward the theory of People’s Sovereignty from the angle that capitalist private ownership caused the inequality of human society,and emphasized the indivisibility,unrepresentability and supremacy of People’s Sovereignty.Rousseau’s thought of People’s Sovereignty had an important influence on the formation of Marx’s thought of power.His discussion about law,government and sovereignty provided the theoretical basis for Marx about the nation establishment with People’s Sovereignty.However,Rousseau’s concept did not break out of the limitations of the times,and was essentially an abstract and idealistic assumption.Starting from the realistic people in the material production and the material production relations,Marx’s thought of People’s Sovereignty put forward the realistic methodological guidance for realizing the social ideal of sovereignty in people’s hand,and realized the transcendence and development of Rousseau’s thought.