中国市县空间隶属关系的历史启示与改革优化

Historical reference and optimization reform of the spatial subordination relationship of city and county in China

市管县体制确立以来,地级市成为了中国统县政区的主体。虽然统县政区与辖县的行政隶属关系明确,但现今存在的市县同城而治现象与少数民族自治州城市的管理模式,使一些市县的空间隶属关系不甚明晰,这很大程度上源于中国历史上长期存在的附郭县制度。中国传统的行政区划体系中,统县政区与辖县的空间隶属关系一直比较模糊,二者主要依靠附郭县建立起长效的空间联系。清末以后,附郭县被大量裁撤,随着城市型政区和市辖区兴起,传统的由附郭县管理城市的"城乡合治"模式走向"城乡分治"。20世纪,统县政区与辖县的空间隶属关系逐渐完成了历史演替,走向界线化、明确化的方向。新时期的行政区划改革,尤其是市县空间隶属关系的优化,应充分考量中国发展实际,重视中国政区发展的历史积淀过程。

Since the establishment of the county under the prefecture-level city system, the prefecture-level city of China has become the main body of the administrative division that governs the county. Although the administrative subordination relationship between the administrative divisions that govern county and the county is clear, the existing city and county in the same place and the management mode of the city of the minority autonomous prefecture.The pattern makes the spatial subordination of some cities and counties unclear, which largely stems from the long-standing attached county system in China’s history. In the traditional administrative division system of China, the spatial subordination relationship between the prefecture-level city and the county under city has been relatively vague, and the two mainly rely on the establishment of a long-acting spatial connection in the attached county. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the attached counties were canceled in large quantities. Along with the rise of urban districts and municipal districts, the traditional model of management city by the attached county which is "administrating of city-countryside unitedly" moved to "administrating of city-countryside separately". In the 20 th century, the spatial subordination relationship between the prefecture-level city and the county under city gradually completed the historical succession and went towards the direction of boundary and clarification. The administrative division reform in the new era, especially the optimization of the spatial relationship between cities and counties, should fully consider the actual development of China and attach importance to the historical accumulation process of the development of administrative division in China.