陶瓷阻氚涂层的研究现状及进展

Research Status and Development of Ceramic Barrier Coatings

阻氚涂层是聚变堆的关键科学与技术问题之一,阻氚涂层材料分为玻璃、金属和陶瓷三类,目前陶瓷及其复合材料是阻氚涂层首选,陶瓷具有低氚渗透性、高热稳定性、高电阻率和高耐腐蚀性等特性,在低扩散率的结构材料上制备陶瓷阻氚涂层是降低或阻碍氚渗透通过衬底的更好的实用方法。制备阻氚涂层的方法多种多样,常用的制备方法包括物理气相沉积(PVD),化学气相沉积(CVD),金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD),热浸镀铝(HDA),电化学沉积(ECD),包装胶结(PC),等离子喷涂(PS)和溶胶-凝胶工艺(sol-gel)等。从氧化物陶瓷涂层、非氧化物陶瓷涂层、复合陶瓷涂层3个方面综述了阻氚涂层近年来的研究现状,概述了几种陶瓷涂层的制备方法及其特点,分析了阻氚涂层在涂层材料的选择、涂层的制备以及性能评价等方面存在的问题,并对阻氚涂层未来的研究重点进行了展望。

Tritium resistance coating is one of the key scientific and technical problems in fusion reactor. Tritium resistant coating materials are classified into glass, metal and ceramic. At present, ceramic and its composite materials is the first choice for tritium resistance coating. Ceramics have low tritium permeability and high thermal stability. The preparation of ceramic tritium resistance coating on low diffusivity materials with high resistivity and high corrosion resistance is a better practical method to reduce or hinder tritium permeation through the substrate. There are a variety of methods for preparing tritium resistance coatings. The common preparation methods include physical vapor deposition(PVD), chemical vapor deposition(CVD), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD), hot dip aluminizing(HDA), electrochemical deposition(ECD), packaging bonding(PC), plasma spraying(PS) and sol-gel(sol-gel), etc. In this paper, the research status of tritium resistance coatings in recent years was reviewed from three aspects: oxide ceramic coating, non-oxide ceramic coating and composite ceramic coating. The preparation methods and characteristics of several ceramic coatings were summarized. The problems existing in the selection of coating materials, preparation and performance evaluation of tritium resistance coatings were analyzed, and the future research emphases of tritium resistance coatings were prospected.