四种双眼偏盲的双眼视野及阅读速度实验研究

Experimental study on binocular visual fields and reading speeds of four binocular hemianopias

目的观察四种双眼偏盲的双眼视野和双眼阅读速度差异。方法视功能正常志愿者20人,遮挡视野模拟双鼻侧、双颞侧、双左侧和双右侧4种双眼偏盲,对照组不遮挡视野,检测各组双眼视野和双眼阅读速度。结果对照组双眼视野104.80%±2.33%,双左侧、双右侧和双颞侧组视野均缩小(P<0.05),分别为54.15%±1.39%、54.65%±1.50%和81.05%±3.02%,双鼻侧组104.20%±1.91%、无缩小(P=0.198)。对照组阅读速度443±117字/分,双侧偏盲阅读速度均减慢(P<0.05),双左侧组、双右侧组、双颞侧组和双鼻侧组分别为372±99字/分、316±75字/分、401±109字/分和413±104字/分。结论同侧偏盲的双眼视野缺损大、对阅读影响大,而双鼻侧偏盲视野缺损不明显、对阅读影响较小。建议增加双眼视野作为法医学评价指标,区分4种双眼偏盲分别制定鉴定标准。

Objective To investigate the binocular visual fields and reading speeds of four binocular hemianopias.Methods Binocular visual field and reading speed were measured and compaired between controls and twenty volunteer subjects whose vision were occluded to make binasal, bitemporal, left and right congruous hemianopsia. Results The binocular visual field is 104.80%±2.33% in control group, 54.15%±1.39% in left congruous, 54.65%±1.50% in right congruous, 81.05%±3.02% in bitemporal(P<0.05) and 104.20%±1.91% in binasal hemianopia(P=0.198). The reading speed is 443±117 word/min in control group, 372±99 word/min in left congruous, 316±75 word/min in right congruous,401±109 word/min in bitemporal and 413±104 word/min in binasal hemianopia(P <0.05). Conclusion The binocular visual field and reading performance are seriously damaged in congruous hemianopsia, but mild in binasal hemianopsia. It is necessary to pay more attention to the differences between the four binocular hemianopias. The binocular visual field and the type of the binocular hemianopias should be considered in forensic damage evaluation.