基于宅基地制度改革的贫困农户住房保障及其对策研究——以黑龙江省9县（区）3370户农户为样本

Research on Housing Security and Countermeasures of Poor Peasant Households Based on the Reform of Homestead System——Samples of 3,370 Households from 9 Counties(Districts)in Heilongjiang Province

宅基地制度是实现住房保障的一项基础性制度,通过深化宅基地制度改革有助于系统解决贫困农户人员聚集、宅基地取得和建房资金筹措方面的难题,平衡宅基地的住房保障和资产功能之间的关系。文章以黑龙江省9县(区)为调查区域,对样本区域住房无保障贫困农户家庭特征以及现行住房保障措施进行调查与分析,探索如何通过宅基地制度改革解决贫困农户住房保障问题。研究发现:现行住房保障措施存在顶层设计不足、覆盖范围有限、资金压力大以及未充分有效利用存量宅基地的普遍性问题。结合全国宅基地试点改革经验,建议优化宅基地空间布局、构建农村宅基地分类有序退出机制、搭建农村住房及宅基地交易平台、探索建立宅基地置换机制,为贫困农户住房保障提供用地和资金保障。

The homestead system is a type of basic system to realize housing security. With deepening the system reform, the problems, such as poor peasant households’ personnel gathering, homestead acquisition and housing financing can be solved, and the relationship between housing security and asset function of homestead can be balanced. Taking 9 counties(districts) in Heilongjiang province as the survey area, this article investigates and analyzes the characteristics of poor peasant households with unsecured housing and the existing housing security measures in the sample areas. And then, it explores how to solve the housing security problem of poor peasant households through the reform of homestead system. The research shows that the existing housing security measures have the common problems of insufficient top-level design, limited coverage, great financial pressure and insufficiently effective use of existing housing sites. Considering the experience of the national pilot reform of homestead, it is suggested to optimize the spatial distribution of homestead, build an orderly exit mechanism for rural homestead, construct a rural housing and homestead trading platform, and explore the establishment of homestead replacement mechanism, in order to provide land and fund guarantee for the housing security of poor peasant households.