长链非编码RNA与2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌及糖代谢关系的研究进展

Long non-coding RNA regulate insulin secretion and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

人类基因组计划发现编码蛋白的基因占很少一部分,而非编码RNA有强大的功能,其中长度>200 bp的即长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),参与调节细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等各种生命活动。T2DM患者存在胰岛素分泌不足及外周组织IR,现发现在胰腺、肝脏、脂肪和骨骼肌组织中表达异常的lncRNA参与调节胰岛素的分泌和外周组织的糖代谢。本文主要从细胞和动物模型层面综述相关lncRNA的调节机制,探讨其在糖尿病发生发展中的作用,为糖尿病的治疗提供新靶点。

The Human Genome Project has found that genes encoding proteins account for a small proportion,while non-coding RNAs account for a large part and have various functions. Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is longer than 200 bp and can regulate cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis and so on. Insufficiency of insulin secretion and insulin resistance of peripheral tissues are vital in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found abnormal expression of lncRNA in pancreas and insulin resistant tissues(liver,adipose tissue and skeletal muscle)participate in regulating insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. In this paper,we reviewed the regulation mechanism of lncRNA in cell and animal models,and explored its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes,which may provide a new target for the treatment.