人卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻的分子表达变化

Modifications of Molecular Expression after Vitrification on Human Oocytes

卵母细胞冷冻技术是体外受精助孕的重要组成部分,是保存女性生育力的主要途径,卵母细胞冷冻保存易对卵母细胞造成不可逆损伤。卵丘细胞对卵母细胞体外成熟过程具有重要作用,在冷冻过程也可能受损伤。目前已知玻璃化冷冻/解冻对卵母细胞(包括成熟与未成熟卵母细胞)的影响,可改变卵母细胞正常发育必需基因的表达,如卵母细胞成熟(GDF9、BMP15)、凋亡(Bax、Bcl-2)、细胞骨架(CK8、ACTB)、细胞周期(CCNA1、MCM10)、缝隙连接(GJA1)、发育能力(HDAC1、STAT3、SMARCAL1和DNMT3B)、脂质代谢(cGMP)等方面的改变。就卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻前后的分子及基因变化进行阐述,为卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻提供更好的理论基础和实验依据。

The oocyte cryopreservation as an important technology of in vitro fertilization (IVF), is also the main way to preserve female fertility. Oocyte cryopreservation is easy to cause irreversible damage to oocytes. The cumulus cells (CCs) play an important role in the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes. However, the cryopreservation could also damage CCs besides oocytes. It is known that vitrification/thawing may have potential effects on oocytes (including mature and immature oocytes). These effects could include the changes of some important molecules related to the cellular events during oocyte development and maturation, such as oocyte maturation (GDF9, BMP15), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2), cytoskeleton (CK8, ACTB), cell cycle (CCNA1, MCM10), gap junction (GJA1), developmental capacity (HDAC1, STAT3, SMARCAL1 and DNMT3B), lipid metabolism (cGMP), etc. The changes of those molecules before and after the oocyte vitrification were summarized in this review, which provide us a theoretical and experimental basis for improving the oocyte vitrification.