卵泡刺激素受体在胎盘血管形成及维持妊娠中的作用

The Roles of FSH Receptor in Placental Angiogenesis and Pregnancy Maintenance

早期认为卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)仅存在于卵巢及睾丸内,后被证实其广泛存在于生殖系统如子宫内膜、子宫肌层、输卵管等诸多部位,具有诱导类固醇激素合成、调节子宫肌层收缩、调节正常生殖内分泌功能等作用。另有研究发现,恶性肿瘤组织、胎盘组织中的血管内皮细胞同样有FSHR表达,并在促进血管生成中起重要作用。在正常妊娠期间,胚胎着床后胎盘血运形成是否良好对胚胎的发育十分关键,早期胚胎胎盘血运不良是导致胚胎自然流产的重要因素之一,中晚期胚胎胎盘血运构建不良则会导致早产、胎儿生长受限、妊娠期高血压疾病等并发症发生,提示FSHR对维持正常妊娠起关键性作用。现对FSHR在生殖系统及妊娠期间胎盘血管生成过程中作用的研究进展进行综述。

The follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was thought to be expressed in ovarian and testis tissues in the past. However, it has been found in the whole reproductive system, including endometrium, uterine myometrium and fallopian tube. FSHR participated in the regulation of steroidogenesis, uterine myometrium contraction and reproductive endocrine. Other studies suggested that the FSHR expressed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels in tumor and placenta played an important role in stimulating angiogenesis. In normal pregnancy, the proper development of placenta vasculature after implantation is essential for the embryonic development. The disorder of angiogenesis, and poor blood supple at early stage, is one of the factors of spontaneous miscarriage. The poor blood supply in the middle and late stages of pregnancy may lead to premature delivery, fetal growth restriction, pregnancy-induced hypertension and other complications. We summarized the roles of FSHR, as well as the research progress, in female reproductive system and placental angiogenesis during pregnancy.