外泌体在卵巢癌化疗耐药中的研究进展

Exosomes in Chemotherapy Resistance of Ovarian Cancer

卵巢癌是死亡率最高的女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤,目前卵巢癌主要的治疗方法为肿瘤细胞减灭术和手术后辅助紫杉醇联合铂类药物化疗,虽然多数卵巢癌患者对初始化疗反应较为敏感,但一般预后较差,其中化疗耐药是一个亟待解决的难题。近年来,外泌体作为细胞间物质和信息交流的途径而备受关注,其来源广泛,分布于各种体液中,内含多种生物活性物质,参与抗原提呈、免疫应答、组织损伤修复等多种生理活动过程,并可通过多种方式影响肿瘤微环境,从而促进肿瘤的发生、发展。此外,国内外已有多项研究表明,外泌体在卵巢癌化疗耐药方面也起着重要的调控作用。随着研究的不断深入,外泌体的临床应用可能为化疗耐药的靶向阻断治疗、改善卵巢癌预后带来新的希望。

Ovarian cancer is a reproductive system malignant tumor with the highest mortality, and the main treatment of ovarian cancer is the surgery to cut out tumor tissues following with the auxiliary chemotherapy of taxol. Although most of the patients with ovarian cancer after operation are sensitive to the initial chemotherapy, the prognosis is poor due to their chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, exosome as a way of the material and information exchange between the cells has been a research hotspot. The exosome containing a variety of biological active substances are distributed in various body fluids. More and more studies showed that exosome was participated in many physiological procedures such as antigen presenting, immune response and tissue damage repair, and the occurrence and development of tumor such as tumor microenvironment. In addition, many studies have shown that exosomes could play an important role in the regulation of the chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer. Exosomes may be developed as a new therapy target for blocking the chemotherapy resistance and improving the prognosis of ovarian cancer.