正德《金山卫志》的编纂及史学价值

On the Compilation of Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area and Its Historical Value

正德《金山卫志》是传世卫所志中极具代表性的地方志书。《金山卫志》的编写得益于明朝统治者对于修志的重视和明朝方志的繁荣发展,在卫所长官的倡导下,凝聚两代学人心血的《金山卫志》完稿。此书以海防为主线,侧重军事又兼顾其他方面,包括上下二志和十纲,共计六十目。张奎和夏有文吸收前人修志的优良传统,又结合当地卫城的具体情况、政府关于修志的政令,广泛搜集资料,终修成此志。此书遵循永乐时期的修志凡例又不拘泥于规定,仿照州县的篇目设置,以军事为主线的同时兼顾各方,突出自己边防重镇的特殊性。正德《金山卫志》引领了明代卫所志的发展,保存了金山卫地区的史料。通过分析《金山卫志》的编纂情况,我们可以了解明朝卫所修志的情况;借助相关新型史料可以认识明朝的军制、卫所的建设、官兵的操练及卫城的人文生活。

Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area,compiled during the reign of Emperor Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty,is one of the most representative local annals among extant chronicles of garrison stations.The fruition of the Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area benefited from the attention of the rulers of the Ming dynasty to the compilation of annals and the prosperity and development of chronicling culture in the Ming dynasty.This book comprises two volumes and ten compendiums with a total of 60 enumerations,taking coastal defense as the main line of depiction,while at the same time focusing on military and other aspects.Zhang Kui and Xia Youwen absorbed the fine tradition of previous revision of annals,took into account the specific situation of local garrison cities and the government’s decree on the revision of annals,and collected extensive information to finally complete this monumental book.The Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area conformed to the strict annals compilation standards applied during the reign of Emperor Yongle,and yet it was no stickler for dogmatic authority.Drawing upon the arrangement of chapters and table of contents in prefectural and county annals,it highlights the particularity of chronicling defense affairs in border areas by prioritizing the chronicling of military affairs while at the same time attending to other aspects.The compilation of the Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area preserved valuable historical materials relating to Jinshan garrison area and in some sense it spearheaded the development of chronicling garrison areas in the Ming Dynasty.An analysis of the Annals of Jinshan Garrison Area helps us gain a better insight into the compilation of annals of garrison areas,the military system,the construction of garrison stations,the training of military personnel,as well as the cultural life of the garrison cities in the Ming Dynasty.