现代性批判视域下卢卡奇物化理论的主体性实践关系考察

Examining the Relationships in Subjective Practice of Lukács’s Theory of Reification in the Perspective of Criticism of Modernity

启蒙运动以来,现代性问题自身所表现出来的复杂矛盾性就一直被社会理论家们感知和思考,西方马克思主义的诞生就是在批判现代性问题上发展起来的。卢卡奇的物化理论揭示了现代资本主义社会文明进程极大地改变了人类以往的社会存在方式,但也使主体自身原本具有的积极主动参与实践成为不可能,物化阻断了人们与世界之间的真正关联,以错误的实践形式代替原有的真正实践形式来表达主体的生存状态。怎样冲破这种已经被物化的生命意识的束缚将是一个艰难的进程,而对人们实践活动形式的美好期许正是对现存物化状态的否定。因此,对卢卡奇物化思想的探究对我国社会思想和文化建设仍有其重要价值和理论意义。

Since the Enlightenment,the complex contradictions manifested by the modernity problem have been perceived and thought by social theorists.Western Marxism was developed on the basis of criticism of modernity.Lukács’s theory of reification reveals that the process of modern capitalist social civilization has greatly changed the way human beings existed in the past,but it also made the practice of the active participation of the subject itself impossible.Reification isolates people from the world.The true connection between the two,in the wrong form of practice,replaces the original real practice form to express the living state of the subject.How to break through the bondage of this reified life consciousness will be a difficult process,while the beautiful expectation of people’s practice forms is a negation of the existing reified state.Therefore,the exploration of Lukács’theory of reification still has important value and theoretical significance for China’s ideological and cultural construction.