新贸易壁垒下外资企业退出我国市场的问题研究

Study on the Exit of Foreign Capital Enterprises from China Based on the Background of New Trade Barriers

随着发达国家“再工业化”战略、全球税收改革以及新贸易壁垒的多重影响,在华跨国公司开始调整其战略部署,部分企业退出中国市场,因此有必要正确认识这种退出现象,客观分析其对中国经济的双重效应。外资企业退出中国市场的原因主要有:因水土不服而难以适应东道国市场、发展战略转移而形成的企业合理流动以及受成本驱动而进行阵地转移;外资企业退出我国市场既有企业完全退出放弃东道国市场这种传统形式,也有战略规划变迁后的兼并重组,还有雁型模式下的转移退出。外资企业退出,短期内会造成中国就业压力相对增大、宏观经济发展受一定制约、掣肘我国技术创新升级,但是从长期来看,外资企业退出不仅影响有限,而且更加有利于我国高水平就业发展、有利于内生经济发展模式的形成和长期自主创新式发展。我们要加快产业升级,提高就业水平,转变经济发展方式,加快实施“创新驱动发展”来应对外资企业的退出。

With the development of“re-industrialization”strategy in developed countries,global tax reform and the multiple impacts of new trade barriers,multinational corporations in China began to adjust their strategic deployment,and as a result some enterprises exit from China.It is necessary to correctly understand this phenomenon and objectively analyze its dual effects on China’s economy.Through an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of foreign-owned enterprises in China,this paper points out that the main reasons for the exiting of foreign-owned enterprises from the China are as follows:foreign-owned enterprises’difficulty in adapting to the host country’s market,the rational flow of enterprises due to the transfer of development strategies,and the transfer of locations driven by costs.Some foreign-owned enterprises have completely exited in the traditional form of abandoning the market of the host country,some have mergers and acquisitions after the change of strategic planning,and some have transferred and withdrawn from the GOOSE-like mode.Exiting of foreign-owned enterprises would result in relatively increased employment pressure in China in the short term,constraining China’s macroeconomic development and technological innovation and upgrading;however,in the long run,the exiting of foreign-owned enterprises will not only have limited impact,but also be more conducive to the development of high-level employment in China and the formation of endogenous economic development model,long-term independent and innovation-driven development mode,et cetera.On this basis,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as speeding up industrial upgrading,improving employment level,transforming the mode of economic development,and speeding up the implementation of the strategy of“innovation-driven development”.