浪漫主义作为媒介技术——基特勒论“话语网络1800”

Romanticism as Media Technologies: Friedrich Kittler on “Discourse Networks 1800”

本文试图围绕着这一问题意识——浪漫主义与媒介技术的关系——来考察基特勒的代表作《话语网络1800/1900》中前半部分对“话语网络1800”的分析,同时展示基特勒是如何从媒介技术层面对福柯式的知识考古学方法进行补充与修正。基特勒创造性地指出了德国浪漫主义的知识结构与一台以线性回路的方式运转的生产机器之间的隐喻性关系,并深入阐释了语言观念在1800年前后的范式转换过程,即由能指向所指、由符号向意义、由物质向精神的转变,并且指出“诗歌”正是这一时期语言观念的具体体现:浪漫主义诗歌中的语言仅仅被视为一种透明的、非物质性的信息通道。

This paper attempts to discuss the analysis of “Discourse Networks 1800” in the first half of Kittler’s masterpiece Discourse Networks 1800/1900 by re-discovering the relationship between Romanticism and media technology, and to show how Kittler complements and corrects Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge from the perspective of media technology. Kittler creatively pointed out the metaphorical relationship between German romanticism’s knowledge structure and a production machine operating in a linear loop and explained further the paradigm shift of ideas of language around 1800, which is the shift from signifier to signified, from sign to significance, from matter to spirit. Kittler also reminded us that “poetry” accurately represented the ideas of language in this period: the language in romantic poetry is only regarded as a transparent, non?material information channel.