轮椅使用者备灾教育的态度效果评价

Assessment of the effectiveness of wheelchair users’ disaster preparedness education

目的探索适合轮椅使用者备灾教育的模式,并对其态度效果进行评价。方法采用单组自身前后对照的类实验研究,以美国联邦应急管理署的残疾人备灾指引为大框架设计《轮椅使用者备灾状况调查问卷》,对四川省绵竹市残疾人中心的21 名轮椅使用者进行备灾教育,分别在备灾培训前、培训后、培训后1 个月评估其备灾态度。结果不同性别、文化程度、年龄、月收入、使用轮椅时长、家庭成员组成、使用轮椅类型、婚姻状况和行动不便原因的研究对象的防灾备灾态度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预前、干预后及干预后1 个月的备灾态度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论针对轮椅使用者的备灾教育干预模式能有效改善轮椅使用者的备灾态度,但干预后1 个月内还需要持续的备灾教育才能保持干预效果。

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the mode of disaster preparedness education (DPE) for wheelchair users, and to evaluate the effectiveness of DPE in terms of their attitude. Methods Single group self-control quasiexperimental was performed to conduct the DPE for 21 wheelchair users who volunteered from a disabled rehabilitation centre in Mianzhu Sichuan Province using FEMA,s emergency management guidance in terms of attitude towards disaster preparedness before and after the training, and 1 month after this program respectively. Results There were no statistically significant difference in wheelchair users, attitude towards disaster preparedness with regards to their gender, education level, age, monthly income, working conditions, length of wheelchair usage, family composition, wheelchair type, marital status and causes of mobility impairment (P>0.05). However, their disaster preparedness attitude before and after the training, and 1 month after this intervention has statistical significance (P<0.001). Conclusions The DPE intervention model for wheelchair users can improve their attitude towards disaster preparedness. However, continuous DPE is required within 1 month of the intervention to retain the effectiveness.