老年慢性病病人自我健康管理现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the status quo and influencing factors of self-health management of elderly patients with chronic diseases

目的:了解老年慢性病病人自我健康管理现状,分析老年慢性病病人自我健康管理的影响因素,为地方政府及社区医疗单位指导慢性病病人进行自我健康管理提供数据支持。方法:选取安徽省5个城市20个社区的1 088名慢性病病人,应用自行设计问卷进行调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、慢性病具体情况、自我健康管理现状、自我健康管理知识的获取途径、自我健康管理的行为,分析慢性病病人自我健康管理知识认知水平的影响因素。结果:年龄、文化程度、既往职业、月收入和自我健康管理情况中自我健康管理时间、是否接受过自我健康管理的健康教育、自我健康管理知识来源、是否注重自我健康管理,对老年慢性病病人自我健康管理知识认知水平有显著性差异。线性回归结果显示,以上自变量与慢性病病人自我健康管理知识认知水平均呈正相关。结论:老年慢性病病人自我健康管理认知水平较低,社区医疗单位应积极开展健康教育,改善慢性病病人自我健康管理行为。

Objective:To understand the status quo of self-health management in elderly patients with chronic diseases,and analyze its influencing factors to provide data support for local governments and community health units for guiding patients to self-health management so as to improve the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic diseases.Methods:One thousand and eighty-eight patients with chronic diseases from 20 communities of 5 cities in Anhui province were investigated using self-designed questionnaire.The general demographic characteristics,specific conditions of chronic diseases,status quo of self-health management,acquiring self-health management knowledge approach and behaviors of self-health management of patients were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive level of self-health management knowledge in patients with chronic diseases.Results:There were significant differences in the effects of age,culture level,occupation,income,self-health management time in self-health management situation,health education in health management,knowledge source of health management and paying attention to health management on the knowledge levels of health management in elderly patients with chronic diseases.The results of linear regression showed the above independent variables were positively correlated with the knowledge of self-health management in the elderly.Conclusions:The cognitive level of self-health management in the elderly patients with chronic diseases is low.The health education in community medical units should actively be carried out to improve the self-health management behavior of patients with chronic diseases.