配施钾肥对黄芽白和苞菜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

Effects of combined application of potash fertilizer on yield,quality and nutrient absorption of Chinese cabbage(Beassica pekinensis L.)and cabbage(B. oleracea var. capitata L.)

【目的】探究配施钾肥对蔬菜黄芽白和苞菜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响,为钾肥在蔬菜种植上的应用推广提供科学依据。【方法】以黄芽白和苞菜为试验材料,采用大田试验,随机区组排列,设配施钾肥(N、P2O5和K2O各135kg/ha)、常规施肥(N和P2O5各135 kg/ha)和不施肥3个处理,测定蔬菜产量和硝酸盐、维生素C、全糖含量及氮、磷、钾、钙养分吸收总量。【结果】配施钾肥处理的黄芽白和苞菜商品产量分别比不施肥处理(对照)增产20.9%和50.2%,比常规施肥分别增产6.4%和20.5%,处理间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同);与常规施肥处理相比较,配施钾肥可有效降低黄芽白和苞菜不同生育时期及不同部位的硝酸盐含量,其中,采收期黄芽白和苞菜心叶和外叶硝酸盐含量显著降低(黄芽白降幅分别为10.1%和21.2%,苞菜降幅分别为12.9%和22.6%);也能显著提高商品菜的维生素C和总糖含量,黄芽白心叶维生素C和总糖含量分别提高26.2%和43.8%,苞菜分别提高15.5%和17.6%;同时,能明显提高氮、磷、钾和钙等养分的吸收量,黄芽白氮、磷、钾和钙养分总吸收量分别提高9.4%、14.4%、20.8%和10.8%,苞菜分别提高6.4%、4.9%、0.3%和41.9%。【结论】配施钾肥可提高黄芽白和苞菜的产量及品质,值得推广。

【Objective】In this paper,effects of combined application of potash fertilizer on yield,quality and nutrient absorption of Chinese cabbage and cabbage were explored in order to provide references for its application and extension in vegetable cultivation.【Method】Chinese cabbage and cabbage were used as materials and three treatments with randomized block design were set in field experiment,including combined application of potash fertilizer(N,P2O2 and K2O each 135 kg/ha),conventional fertilizer(N and P2O2 each 135 kg/ha)and no fertilizer. Economic and quality indicators of vegetables including yield,content of nitrate,vitamin C and total sugar,and total nutrient absorption of nitrogen(N),phosphorus( P),potassium(K)and calcium(C)were measured.【Result】The commodity yield of Chinese cabbage and cabbage under combined application of potash fertilizer treatment increased by 20.9% and 50.2% respectively compared with that under no fertilization treatment(control),and increased by 6.4% and 20.5% respectively compared with that under conventional fertilization treatment,significant differences were observed between them(P<0.05,the same below). Compared with conventional fertilization,combined application of potash fertilizer treatment could effectively reduce the nitrate content of different parts of Chinese cabbage and cabbage at different growth stages,during harvest period,the nitrate content in heart leaves and outward lesf of Chinese cabbage and cabbage decreased significantly(Chinese cabbage was decreased by 10.1% and 21.2%,cabbage was decreased by 12.9% and 22.6%);significantly improve the content of vitamin C and total sugar in commercial vegetables,and obviously increase the absorption of N,P,K and Ca respectively, and the vitamin C and total sugar content of Chinese cabbage increased by 26.2% and 43.8%,respectively,and cabbage increased by 15.5% and 17.6%;the total uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and calcium of Chinese cabbage increased by 9.4%,14.4%,20.8% and 10.8%,respectively,and that of cabbage was 6.4%,4.9%,0.3% and 41.9%,respectively.【Conclusion】Combined application of potash fertilizer treatment can increase the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and cabbage,and should be promoted.