合作社农业社会化服务功能的演变逻辑——基于仁发合作社的案例分析

Evolution Logic of Agricultural Socialized Services of Cooperatives:A Case Study on Renfa Cooperative

以黑龙江省克山县仁发合作社为例,通过案例研究发现:初始阶段降低农机作业服务市场交易成本的需要,会诱使合作社吸收农户以家庭承包耕地入股,而土地统一经营会进一步促使合作社配套提供农资采购等产中服务,最终获得农业社会化服务的规模经济效益,解决了“谁来种地”“怎么种地”的问题;随着规模经济到达极限和农业本身自然与市场风险的凸显,合作社一般会继续拓展其在产后与产前等环节的服务,通过产业链延伸来提高农产品附加值,确保合作社及其成员稳定增收,从而促进一二三产业融合,解决农业经济效益低下的问题。

Taking Renfa cooperative from Keshan county, Heilongjiang province as the object of case study, this paper finds out that for decreasing market transaction cost of machinery service during initial phase, the cooperative will absorb farmers to join in using their farmland from household contracting, while the collective operation of farmland will prompt cooperatives to provide complete supporting services during agricultural production process further, such as agricultural materials procurement, which will eventually make cooperatives gain from economies of scale of specialized agriculture services, solving the problem of “who will farm, and how farm”. As the economies of scale reach limits and the natural and market risk of agriculture itself become more apparent, cooperatives will develop services before and after agricultural production process in general, which can improve agricultural product added value by industrial chain extension and thus ensure the income-growth of cooperative and its members, promoting the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and solving the problem of low economic benefit of agriculture.